Безмятежность или заставка Windows XP: история
Классические обои «Безмятежность», ставившиеся по умолчанию на рабочий стол в операционной системе Microsoft XP – это фотография, которую видело самое большое количество людей на планете: более миллиарда. Автор снимка получил от Microsoft более 100000 долларов, в то время как автор другого популярного «обойного» снимка «Осень» заработал на нём всего лишь $45.
Американский фотограф Чарльз О’Риер (Charles O’Rear) сделал снимок, получивший название «Безмятежность» (Bliss), среднеформатной камерой, когда ехал по шоссе в Калифорнии в январе 1996 года. О’Риер отправил снимок в агентство стоковой фотографии Westlight, которое через пару лет было приобретено компанией Corbis Билла Гейтса.
Известны точные координаты места, запечатлённого на знаменитом снимке: 38.250124,-122.410817. Его не раз снимали другие фотографы:
А вот так выглядит местность на сегодняшних картах Гугл:
Компания Microsoft выбрала снимок О’Риера среди тысяч других, имевшихся на тот момент в стоковой библиотеке, посчитав, что он наилучшим образом иллюстрирует философию Windows XP. Точный гонорар, который получил фотограф, не называется, однако известно, что он превышает $100000.
Любопытно, что автор другой фотографии, использованной в популярных обоях XP, под названием «Осень», получил несравненно меньшую сумму. Питер Бьюриан (Peter Burian) отправил своё фото в тот же сток Corbis в статусе «бесплатного изображения», так что Microsoft приобрёл права на его широкое использование за сумму, слегка превышающую $45.
Питер Бьюриан сделал этот снимок в октябре 1999 года среди сотен других, тестируя объектив для фотографического журнала. «Я был потрясён, когда осознал, что моё фото увидят сотни миллионов человек. Ни о чём подобном я не думал, когда делал снимок», рассказывал Бьюриан.
Вот такая разная судьба, разная история двух снимков. Один принёс своему автору изрядную сумму денег, широкую известность и (впоследствии) контракты с мировыми брендами уровня Lufthansa. Другой же смог разок сходить в ресторан.
Статья подготовлена телеграм каналом Диапозитив
Источник
Windows XP
For pre-release wallpapers and pictures, see Whistler.
| Windows XP | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Year of release | 2001 |
| Default wallpaper | Bliss |
| Included image types | Wallpapers Sample pictures User account pictures |
| Notable artists | Charles O’Rear Mark Karrass Bill Ross Roger Ressmeyer Lawrence Manning |
| Agencies used | Corbis PhotoDisc |
| Preceded by | Windows 2000 (1999) Windows Me (2000) |
| Succeeded by | Windows Vista (2006) |
Windows XP, codenamed Whistler, is an operating system released by Microsoft in 2001. It is the successor to Windows 2000 and Me, being the first version of Windows NT intended for both businesses and home users. It has a memorable set of wallpapers, sample pictures and user account pictures, including the iconic Bliss, one of the most viewed photos on Earth due to it being the default wallpaper and XP’s popularity. Also notable are Red moon desert, taken by Bliss’ Charles O’Rear, Autumn, which was the subject of a Vanity Fair article and the branding wallpaper. It would be followed by Windows Vista in 2006, after years of its messy development.
Contents
Wallpapers [ edit | edit source ]
According to Windows XP’s program manager Gregory Raiz, the wallpapers of XP were selected «to evoke natural themes of hills, trees & sand» [1] , as Microsoft aimed for XP to look and feel more human than previous versions. The wallpapers were primarily licensed from Corbis and used a mix of royalty free and rights managed licenses, while Bliss was fully acquired from Corbis and Charles O’Rear so that no company would ever use it again. With the exception of Vortec space, the non-photographic wallpapers were created by various contractors that worked internally at Microsoft, according to Raiz through email correspondence.
Like with Windows 2000, the wallpapers are at a rather low resolution of 800×600, which became rather outdated not long after XP was released, due to screen resolutions progressively increasing. Downloadable wallpapers would later be provided in higher resolutions, while Windows Vista onwards features wallpapers at 1920×1440 and 1920×1200.
| Name | Original filename | Licensed from | Originates from | Photographer/artist | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Ascent | NBA076 | Corbis | Corbis | Mark Karrass | |
 | Autumn | CB040538 | Corbis | Corbis | Peter Burian | |
 | Azul | 60131 | Corbis | Westlight | Bill Ross | |
 | Bliss | 71810 | Corbis | Westlight | Charles O’Rear | Default wallpaper, also used as the branding image to represent Windows XP in general |
 | Crystal | desktop9 | N/A | contracted by Microsoft | unknown | |
 | Follow | 57025 | Corbis | Westlight | Warren Morgan | Known as Follow me during builds 2419 to 2463 |
 | Friend | OC001023 | Corbis | Corbis | Chris Carroll | |
 | Home | la_casa | unknown | unknown | unknown | |
 | Moon flower | imagery_1 | N/A | contracted by Microsoft | unknown | |
 | Peace | abstract_1 | N/A | contracted by Microsoft | unknown | |
 | Power | low_art1 | N/A | contracted by Microsoft | unknown | |
 | Purple flower | FE001040 | Corbis | Corbis | Andy Small | |
 | Radiance | RR015686 | Corbis | Starlight Photo Agency | Roger Ressmeyer | |
 | Red moon desert | OR006712 | Corbis | Corbis | Charles O’Rear | Default wallpaper during builds 2428 to 2463 |
 | Ripple | blue1 | N/A | contracted by Microsoft | unknown | |
 | Stonehenge | RR009372 | Corbis | Starlight Photo Agency | Roger Ressmeyer | |
 | Tulips | AX001448 | Corbis | Westlight | Bill Ross | |
 | Vortec space | 60054 | Corbis | Westlight | Digital Art (Tim Alt) | |
 | Wind | 11050 | Corbis | Westlight | Jeff Vanuga | |
 | Windows XP | unknown | N/A | contracted(?) by Microsoft | unknown | Logo varies depending on edition; Home Edition has a different background color Default wallpaper of builds 2485 to 2532 |
 | ||||||
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Media Center Edition-exclusive [ edit | edit source ]
As Media Center Edition came with many features of Microsoft Plus! for Windows XP, its wallpapers were also included alongside the standard set, albeit with new names that reference what is depicted in the wallpaper. Most of these wallpapers appear to have been taken from Getty Images, although some were presumably taken down many years ago, leaving their origins unclear. Unlike with XP’s wallpapers, these appear to have went under noticeable edits.
| Name | Original filename | Licensed from | Originates from | Photographer/artist | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Aquarium | AQUA_1_FINAL | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Stephen Frink | Default wallpaper of the Aquarium theme |
 | DaVinci | comp-a3.4.1_no_arch | N/A | unknown | unknown | Default wallpaper of the da Vinci theme |
 | Energy Bliss | unknown | N/A | Microsoft | unknown (based on Charles O’Rear’s Bliss) | Default wallpaper of Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005 |
 | Ocean | AQUA5 | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Kim Westerskov | |
 | Space | SPACE6 | PhotoDisc | PhotoDisc | unknown (credited on Getty to InterNetwork Media) | Default wallpaper of the Space theme |
 | Spring | NATURE3b | Getty Images | The Image Bank | unknown | Default wallpaper of the Nature theme |
 | StarTracks | SPACE7 BLUE | unknown | unknown | unknown | |
 | Stream | NATURE4 | unknown | unknown | unknown | |
 | Windows XP | WinXPFS | N/A | contracted(?) by Microsoft | unknown |
Starter Edition [ edit | edit source ]
Starter Edition was only released in developing countries such as Latin American countries, Russia and Turkey. Each localized version of Starter Edition has around three to six wallpapers depicting national landmarks, and does not include the standard wallpaper set. Most of them come from Corbis and Getty Images and use a rights managed license, with a few being royalty free. Similar to the Home and Professional editions of Windows XP, these wallpapers have a resolution of 800×600 (with the exception of one being 801×600, likely by accident). Unlike these two editions, however, Windows XP Starter Edition includes wallpapers in the Bitmap (.bmp) file format instead of the JPEG (.jpg) file format. The practice of having regional wallpapers would be used again by Microsoft for Windows 7, where 20 countries received two themes (built-in and downloadable) consisting of six wallpapers each.
The default wallpaper is SE_neutral_wallpaper, which is completely unrelated to the default wallpaper used in most other editions. Also, due to the rarity of XP Starter Edition in several countries, not all wallpapers are known so they cannot be listed. Starter Edition was also released in sub-Saharan African countries, possibly also Egypt and other developing countries too, although no ISOs or even photos are known to exist. The Chinese release appears to have been cancelled.
| Name | Region | Licensed from | Originates from | Photographer/artist | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Atacama_Licancabur | Chile | Getty Images | The Image Bank | Pete Turner | |
 | Auyantepui_Canaima | Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela | Getty Images | The Image Bank | Thomas Schmitt | |
 | Bengal_Tiger | India | Corbis | Gallo Images | unknown (credited on Getty to Gallo Images) | |
 | Bodrum_CastleStPeter | Turkey | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Robert Frerck | |
 | Borobudur | Indonesia | Corbis | Eye Ubiquitous | John Dakers | |
 | Calzada_de_los_Muertos | Mexico | Corbis | Westlight | Randy Faris | |
 | Cameron | Malaysia | Getty Images | Getty Images | Walter Bibikow | |
 | Canal_de_Panama | Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Will & Deni McIntyre | |
 | Cerros_Torre_y_Fitz_Roy | Argentina | Corbis | Corbis | Theo Allofs | |
 | Colonia | Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay | Corbis | Corbis | Jan Butchofsky | |
 | Dunagiri | India | Corbis | Corbis | Christophe Boisvieux | Later reused as the default wallpaper of Windows Starter 2007 |
 | Ephesus_Hadrian | Turkey | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Robert Frerck | |
 | Floriano_Falls | Brazil | Getty Images | Getty Images | Stephen Simpson | |
| N/A | Hinh ve 1 | Vietnam | unknown | unknown | unknown | Has not surfaced yet; appearance currently unknown |
 | Isla_Providencia | Colombia | Corbis | Corbis | Macduff Everton | At 801×600 instead of 800×600 |
 | Isla_Saona | Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Corbis | Corbis | Richard Beckel | |
 | Jakarta | Indonesia | Getty Images | Getty Images | Keith MacGregor | |
 | Kuala_Lumpur_Blue | Malaysia | Corbis | Corbis | unknown (credited on Getty to Casa Productions) | |
 | Kuala_Lumpur_Purple | Malaysia | Getty Images | The Image Bank | Peter Adams | |
 | Lake_Bratan | Indonesia | Corbis | Corbis | Paul Russell | |
 | Machu_Picchu | Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela | Getty Images | Getty Images | unknown (credited on Getty to itself) | Appears to be flipped horizontally in one screenshot, likely of a pre-release version |
 | Mahabalipuram | India | Corbis | Corbis | Charles & Josette Lenars | |
| N/A | Mau | Vietnam | unknown | unknown | unknown | Has not surfaced yet; appearance currently unknown |
| N/A | Những chiếc thuyền | Vietnam | unknown | unknown | unknown | Has not surfaced yet; appearance currently unknown |
 | Obelisco | Argentina | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Robert Frerck | Advertisements are blurred out, likely due to copyright issues |
 | Ouro_Preto_Minas_Gerais | Brazil | Getty Images | Getty Images | Fernando Bueno | |
 | PLAZA INDEPENDENCIA, MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY (not the filename) | Uruguay | Getty Images | The Image Bank | Thomas Schmitt | Has not surfaced yet; filename currently unknown, so image provided is a fan edited version This was most likely exclusive to a pre-release version |
 | Pamukkale | Turkey | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | David C Tomlinson | |
 | Parque_Nacional_los_Glaciares | Argentina | Corbis | Corbis | Mark Karrass | |
 | Peter_the_Great | Russia | Corbis | Corbis | Steve Raymer | |
 | Piramide_del_Sol | Mexico | Corbis | Westlight | Randy Faris | |
 | Puerta_del_Reloj_Cartagena | Colombia | Corbis | Corbis | Jan Butchofsky | |
 | Rano_Raraku | Chile | Getty Images | Getty Images | Walter Bibikow | |
 | Rara_Avis_Preserve | Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Stuart Westmorland | |
 | Rio_de_Paraguay | Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay | Corbis | Corbis | Buddy Mays | |
 | Royal Palace at Dusk (not the filename) | Thailand | Corbis | Corbis | Jeremy Horner | Has not surfaced yet; filename currently unknown, so image provided is of the original photo |
 | Russia, Moscow, Red Square, St. Basil’s cathedral at dusk (not the filename) | Russia | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | David Sutherland | Has not surfaced yet; filename currently unknown, so image provided is a fan edited version This was most likely exclusive to a pre-release version |
 | San_Agustin | Colombia | Corbis | Corbis | Diego Lezama Orezzoli | |
 | Santiago | Chile | Getty Images | Getty Images | Walter Bibikow | |
 | SE_neutral_wallpaper | Generic | N/A | Microsoft | unknown | |
 | St_Basils_and_Kremlin | Russia | Corbis | Corbis | Galen Rowell | |
 | Sugarloaf_Mountain | Brazil | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Ary Diesendruck | |
 | Taj_Mahal | India | Corbis | Corbis | Jim Zuckerman | |
 | Templo_del_Inca_Isla_del_Sol | Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay | Corbis | Corbis | Alison Wright | |
 | Thung lũng Mai Châu | Vietnam | Getty Images | The Image Bank | unknown | Has not surfaced yet; image provided is a fan edited version |
 | Tulum | Mexico | Corbis | Corbis | Danny Lehman | |
 | Vịnh Hạ Long | Vietnam | Getty Images | Iconica | Frans Lemmens | Has not surfaced yet; image provided is of the original photo |
 | winter_village | Russia | Getty Images | Tony Stone Images | Demetrio Carrasco | |
 | Zuleta | Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela | Corbis | Corbis | Pablo Corral Vega |
Embedded Standard and POSReady 2009 [ edit | edit source ]
In 2008, Microsoft released newer embedded versions of XP. POSReady 2009 features three wallpapers: one with no logo, one with a small logo and one with a large logo.
[table will be done soon]
Sample pictures [ edit | edit source ]
Compared to 2000 and Me which featured one sample picture, XP features a selection of four. All four were royalty free Corbis images, three of which were available from royalty free CDs, with the other one seemingly being online only. Similar to the wallpapers, all of these images have a resolution of 800×600.
Источник
